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Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 09-07-2020 00:39
Hola a todos
Encontré este curioso ascomycete a mediados del mes de mayo, en la base de los tallos aun sujeto a la planta Equisetum ramosissimum, en un lugar húmedo cerca de un rio, en la Serranía de Ronda, sur de España.
Apos de hasta 1mm aproximadamente
Esporas elipsoidales, en ocasiones curvadas, multigutuladas.
(20,64) 23,08 - 29,24 (30,25) × (7,80) 8,30 - 9,45 (10,10) µm
Q = (2,56) 2,63 - 3,32 (3,57) ; N = 30
Me = 26,06 × 8,88 µm ; Qe = 2,95
Ascos con ocho esporas, con croziers y amiloide en IKI
(115,74) 153,45 - 179,89 (206,06) × (17,28) 17,65 - 19,84 µm
Paráfisis ensanchándose hacia el ápice (hasta 5,61 µm), con contenido amarillento en su interior a modo de pequeñas gutulas.
Stamnaria americana es similar, pero esta presenta el poro apical del asca IKI negativo, según he leído esta es una especie diferente, muy probablemente mi colección corresponda con una de Enrique Rubio de Asturias en Equisetum hyemale (Stamnaria sp, Biodiversidad Fúngica del Parque Natural de Somiedo).
Para guardar en mis archivos, conocéis si existe un epíteto valido para esta especie??
Gracias anticipadas y saludos a todos
Curro Valencia
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Hans-Otto Baral, 09-07-2020 09:28
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hi Curro

indeed I am sure this is the same as Enrique's ERD 5123 and 6927, which we have in the laetissima folder and which also were on the typical substrate E. ramosissimum.

The name S. laetissima has not yet been validly published.

Zotto
Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 09-07-2020 22:58
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Zotto
Estupendo!! Muchas gracias por la informacion.
Saludos
Curro
Erwin Gruber, 09-07-2020 23:21
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Yes, i do agree, you found the nominative type, resp. subspecies of "Stamnaria laetissima" (Cesati) comb. ined., basionym Peziza laetissima Cesati in Herbarium Vivum Mycologicum no. 1024 (1846). 
And it is apparently the very same kind of Stamnaria as Enrique's specimens. 
I "reviewed", respectively watched photos of ca. 450 reports of Equisetum ramosissimum from nearby the whole native range at iNaturalist forum. I couldn't find evidence for this "S. laetissima" on E. ramosissimum, except a sole one from South Africa. 
Could you please add this finding of yours as observation to Genus Stamnaria identified at genus level? 
Please have as well a look at other findings of Horsetails inhabited by parasitic kinds of Stamnaria

Best regards
Erwin
Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 10-07-2020 00:45
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Erwin!!
Muchas gracias por toda la información.
Si, por supuesto que puedes agregar esta colección a su observación al Género Stamnaria identificado a nivel de género, si necesitas información más detallada, puedo adjuntarle los datos de esta especie.
Gran trabajo de recopilación de especies de Stamnaria, gracias por compartirlo.
Saludos y gracias de nuevo por su interés.
Curro Valencia
Erwin Gruber, 11-07-2020 14:55
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
¡Hola Valencia!


¡Gracias por su permiso para presentar este hallazgo en el sitio web de iNaturalist! Espero haber entendido eso correctamente. Bien, necesitaría las fechas exactas del hallazgo.
Otros comentarios sobre esta hermosa colección seguirán en inglés, porque desafortunadamente no hablo español. (Traducción de Google)

As commented before, i do still suppose you got the nominative type of Stamnaria laetissima in Spain. Thy type collection (Herb. Viv. Mycol. 1024) from South Tyrol, Italy, had grown on same host species, Equisetum ramosissimum. 
Qe of 2,95 and amyloid apical ring is in agreement with my results, but Me of ascospores is considerably larger. This will, and may in part be due to shrinking of spores in dead state, but i do assume there will be differences of geographic races, respectively infraspecific types of S. laetissima. 
I need to controll my old measurings (not at hand at moment), but average spore length of ca. 26 µ seems to be nearer to average S. americana, average width of ca. 8,9 µ is even wider, leading to Qe matching the nominative S. laetissima.

In fact this "Stamnaria laetissima" (aggr.) got a vast native range, with different kinds of hosts (E. ramos., hyemale, laevigatum, +??), and i separated the (as well unpublished) "subsp. tenuispora", inhabiting E. hyemale in more northern Europe, with narrower spores. 
Thus it might happen to be split into (infra-) specific units in future.
(Typical) S. americana is well characterised by having lost amyloid ascus ring, apparently bound to E. hyemale in cooler and relatively humid climates, bearing ascocarps in cold(er) season in general.
Still there is the sole population in Hokkaido, Japan, which got amyloid rings, growing fruitbodies in spring, and matches typical S. americana in spore characters. 
Since that specific border between S. laetissima and S. americana (further adapted) is hard to draw, at least on morphologic reason and compared characters.

Best regards and wishes

Erwin
Erwin Gruber, 11-07-2020 15:13
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Dear Zotto

please have a look at my prior statements, and share your thought about. 

Perhaps S. laetissima will need splitting in several (infra-)specific taxa, who knows without thorough investigation?
I do assume that typical J- S. americana is a specific segregation from the older S. laetissima, having lost it's amyloid apical structure in adaption to ecologic situation within habitats. As this structure was not essential anymore, it got lost.

I accepted the Hokkaido population to represent "amyloid americana", however, i may not be certain to draw the specific boderline. Even more so, since Me of S. laetissima ascospores is apparently variable, Hokkaido population doesn't grow ascocarps in cold season. 
So this may hardly be cleared without genetic comparison.

Beste Grüße und Wünsche

Erwin
Hans-Otto Baral, 11-07-2020 21:07
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Dear Erwin

I never studied the amyloid form as far as I see, and when I look at the available genetics I fear this is a difficult problem.

Could you clarify which Equisetum species was DH665b (I assume asci amyloid) from Austria? This ( as laetissima ssp. tenuispora) differs from the Fridolfing sample on E. hyemale (americana, inamyloid) by only 1 nt (ITS region). DH941 on E. hyemale from Mixnitz (I assume inamyloid) is even 100% identical with DH665.

But also the Japanese sample with amyloid asci differs from DH665b by only 1 nt and from Fridolfing by 2 nt.

So are they all conspecific? I would say yes.

Typical (you say nominative) laetissima on E. ramosissimum differs from them by 2-4 nt.

The one from Wisconsin on E. ?hyemale differs from them by 2-7 nt.

So far there are only two sequences from E. hyemale in Europe and one from E. ramosissimum in Europe. This means we need more sequences from these two substrates. I assume Danny is intersted in the present sample.

May we conclude that your tenuispora is = European americana?

Zotto
Erwin Gruber, 11-07-2020 22:50
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Dear Zotto,

yes, a complex group, and it took me a while to conclude to separate the narrow spore type as (then var.) "tenuispora" from typical S. laetissima.
I watched the saved excel file and found Danny's sequence of DH665 (not 665b so far), which came from St. Petersburg region, coll. V.A. Melnik, 23.08.2000.
So this might be a European J+ race of S. americana, by that a pendant to the Hokkaido population, what made "ssp. tenuispora" superfluous as synonym, but i will stay cautious untill further evidence. I proved as well a single "tenuispora" from Scarborough, E England, coll. G.E. Massee.
"The one from Wisconsin on E. ?hyemale differs from them by 2-7 nt": I only do know usual J- S. americana from Wisconsin, don't remember on any S. laetissima confirmed upon ascocarps from there. Do you know data of this specimen, could it have been from another state?
In case morphologic typical S. americana varied considerably more in genetics, than it differed from J+ S. laetissima, this made all likewise populations to a single species. 
Maybe the Wisconsin? specimen is in fact American S. laetissima inhabiting E. laevigatum, we will see.
Please see linked observations of parasitic Stamnaria, including indirect reports. There is only one on E. ramosissimum, reported from south Africa. There are as well two collections from Java, Indonesia on E. ramosissimum, and i think to remember these shall be J+.

Definitely a challenge, it will get cleared by time.

Kind regards

Erwin
Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 12-07-2020 00:51
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Erwin, Zotto
Si, entendiste bien, puedes presentar esta colección en iNaturalist!, Te adjunto la fecha exacta del hallazgo, 22-04-20, este año resulto una especie muy frecuente en el lugar, siempre en la base de plantas de E. ramosissimum que se encontraban en lugares soleados y despejados a lo largo del rio.
Tengo la colección deshidratada en mi herbario personal, si Danny está interesado, puedo enviarle parte de la colección.
De nuevo muchas gracias por toda la información interesante que aportáis!! No parece fácil, pero seguro que con el tiempo, despejáis todas las dudas que se esconden en este grupo tan complejo. Ánimo amigos!!
Siento no poder expresarme en inglés.
Saludos cordiales
Curro.
Erwin Gruber, 12-07-2020 08:42
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Querido Curro
¡Muchas gracias por el permiso para publicar este hallazgo junto con sus fotos!
Tales Ascomicetos son muy raramente percibidos y recolectados, estoy contento con cada observación.
Para el foro iNaturalist, necesito la posición geográfica exacta para la entrada en el mapa. El tiempo aproximado es posible pero no necesario.
No sé si Danny ha secuenciado tales hallazgos en Equisetum ramosissimum. ¿Tampoco puedo juzgar si la región ITS es adecuada para diferenciar entre especies de este género?
Stamnaria contiene varias especies, claramente diferentes, la mayoría de las cuales aún no se han publicado. Mis estudios sobre esto comenzaron en 1994 con mi tesis de diploma, pero desafortunadamente fue interrumpida una y otra vez.
Saludos y deseos

Erwin

Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 12-07-2020 11:45
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Erwin
Ok, te adjuntare los datos junto con las coordenadas, tengo los datos recopilados en el teléfono móvil, pero este se encuentra en el taller de reparaciones (problemas con la pantalla) hoy salgo de viaje y hasta mediados de la semana que viene no regresaré, el jueves día 16  te adjuntaré los datos.
Volveré pronto por aquí.
Saludos
Curro
Valencia Lopez Francisco Javier, 23-07-2020 13:29
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Erwin.
Te adjunto los datos de la especie con las coordenadas exactas.
Un abrazo
Curro

Stamnaria laetissima
Datos

País: España
Provincia: Málaga
Municipio: Ronda
Topónimo: Zona de Navares-Tejares
Coordenadas: 36°43'50.0"N 5°07'43.8"W Altitud: 685metros
Google maps: 36.730560, -5.128830
Ecología: En la base de los tallos aun sujetos a la planta Equisetum ramosissimum, en una zona inundable por las aguas en épocas de fuertes lluvias, cerca del rio Guadalevín.
Fecha de recolección: 22-04-2020
Recolector: F.J Valencia

Erwin Gruber, 03-08-2020 17:20
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hola Curro

Thanks a lot for telling all essential data of your specimen, which i presented now as observations of Stamnaria (laetissima) and Equisetum ramosissimum.

Best wishes and regards

Erwin
Erwin Gruber, 10-08-2020 18:44
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hallo Zotto, Hola Curro

Yesterday i went to the sole site i know about, where Stamnaria laetissima was collected in recent days, by T. Barta on 29.08.1996. Soon therafter his collection was directed to me so i could identify it. You may find report and photos of at iNaturalist and Flickr Album.
Links to Danny's gene sequencing displayed at GenBank provided at iNaturlist observation. 
Despite hoards of thursty mosquitoes attacked me, i took photos and a large collection comprising lots of ascocarps and conidiomata. So if anyone needs samples, please let me know.

Best regards
Erwin
Hans-Otto Baral, 10-08-2020 21:32
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hallo Erwin

Ah this is E. ramosissimum! It has lots of narrow side branches. But you did not look at the microscope? Did you ever check how long the asci survive in the dry state in this species? This should be tolerant for some weeks as must be S. americana.

Zotto
Erwin Gruber, 11-08-2020 08:32
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
You are right Zotto, the host E. ramosissimum does frequently grow at railway bankments and other likewise "disturbed places", at least in Austria. It may vary a lot in appearance, resp. growth, depending on conditions.
Earlier on 09.08.2020 i checked another site where E. ramosissimum had been collected together with some ascocarps of S. laetissima.
Collection data: J. Breidler, 30.06.1867, Niederösterreich, an sandigen Stellen bei Moosbrunn nächst Wien. Metlesics, 02,.08.1959, Niederösterreich, bei Moosbrunn.
For sure i don't know accurate locations of these specimen, but i searched again at the protected wetland "Naturdenkmal Brunnlust". When i was there, about 20 ys ago, the E. ramosissimum population consisted of way more, perhaps even larger grown shoots.
But i could not find any Stamnaria or seeming indication.
A few photos of the horsetail are gathered at my Flickr album of Equisetum ramosissimum.

Indeed, ascomata are likely to survive for a while in dry state, so one could prove characters at living state. Zotto, i got no microscope or other equipment for proving characters and taking enlarged photos. But i would send samples for any purpose in case you ore someone else wished. 

Beste Grüße, best regards

Erwin
Hans-Otto Baral, 11-08-2020 10:10
Hans-Otto Baral
Re : Stamnaria sp (Equisetum ramosissimum) Ascos amiloides
Hallo Erwin

also im Moment kann ich mich leider nicht damit abgeben, ich bin dabei, eine Unzahl von alten Manuskripten aufzugreifen, und die Monografie fordert immer noch ihren Tribut. Aber spätestens nächstes Jahr sollte Stamnaria ein Thema für mich werden.

Super, dass du so fündig bist, ich finde Stamnaria sehr selten, aber du wohnst mehr in den Bergen denke ich.

Gruß

Zotto